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<?xml version='1.0' ?> <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [ <!ENTITY % myvars SYSTEM "../variables.ent"> %myvars; ]> <sect1 id="oracle"> <title>Install Oracle 8.1.7</title> <authorblurb> <para>By <ulink url="mailto:vinod@kurup.com">Vinod Kurup</ulink></para> </authorblurb> <para> If you are installing PostgreSQL instead of Oracle, skip this section. </para> <para> OpenACS &version; will install with Oracle 9i but has not been extensively tested so may still have bugs or tuning issues. See <ulink url="http://www.piskorski.com/docs/oracle.html">Andrew Piskorski's Oracle 9i notes</ulink> for guidance. </para> <para> This installation guide attempts to present all of the information necessary to complete an OpenACS installation. We try hard to make all of the steps possible in one pass, rather than having a step which amounts to "go away and develop a profound understanding of software X and then come back and, in 99% of all cases, type these two lines." The exception to our rule is Oracle production systems. This page describes a set of steps to get a working Oracle development server, but it is <emphasis role="strong">unsuitable for production systems</emphasis>. If you will be using OpenACS on Oracle in a production environment, you will experience many problems unless you develop a basic understanding of Oracle which is outside the scope of this document. T </para> <para> This document assumes that you'll be installing Oracle on the same box as AOLserver. For more details on a remote Oracle installation, see Daryl Biberdorf's <ulink url="http://openacs.org/new-file-storage/one-file?file_id=273">document</ulink>. </para> <para> Useful links to find help on how to set up Oracle under Linux are:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para><ulink url="https://www.dizwell.com/wordpress/technical-articles/oracle/">Dizwell - on Oracle on Linux</ulink></para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><ulink url="http://puschitz.com/">Werner Puschitz - Oracle on Red Hat Linux</ulink></para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><ulink url="http://www.suse.com/us/business/certifications/certified_software/oracle/">SuSE/Oracle Support matrix</ulink></para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> <sect2 id="install-oracle-getit" xreflabel="Acquire Oracle"> <title>Acquire Oracle</title> <para> Production Oracle systems should run on certified platforms. Follow the <ulink url="http://metalink.oracle.com/metalink/plsql/ml2_documents.showDocument?p_database_id=NOT&p_id=223718.1">metalink note 223718.1</ulink>to find certified platforms. If you don't have metalink access, take a look at the Oracle on Linux FAQ: <ulink url="http://www.orafaq.com/wiki/Linux_FAQ">Which Linux Distributions Are Directly Supported By Oracle?</ulink>. In summary, free and inexpensive Linux distributions are not certified. </para> <para> You can download the Oracle software from the <ulink url="https://www.oracle.com/downloads/index.html"> Oracle Downloads</ulink> page. </para> <para> Each Oracle release comes with extensive and usually quite well-written documentation. Your first step should be to thoroughly read the release notes for your operating system and your Oracle version. Find the docs here:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para> <ulink url="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/documentation/oracle8i-085806.html">Oracle 8i Release Documentation</ulink></para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> <ulink url="https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B10501_01/server.920/a96531/ch4_doc.htm">Oracle 9i Release Documentation</ulink> </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> <ulink url="https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14214/chapter2.htm#g62359">Oracle 10g Release Documentation</ulink></para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> <para> It is generally useful to run a particular Oracle version with its latest patchset. At the time of writing these were 8.1.7.4 and 9.2.0.5, both of which are considered to be very stable. </para> <para> To be able to download a patchset, you need a (to-pay-for) account on <ulink url="http://metalink.oracle.com">Metalink</ulink>. You may find the appropriate patchset by following <ulink url="http://openacs.org/forums/message-view?message_id=33004">Andrew's suggestion</ulink>. </para> </sect2> <sect2 id="install-oracle-keepinmind"> <title>Things to Keep in Mind</title> <para> Oracle is very well-documented software, the <ulink url="http://tahiti.oracle.com">online documentation</ulink> comes with printable PDFs and full-text search. Altogether there is more than 20.000 pages of documentation, so do not expect to understand Oracle within in a few hours. The best starting pointing into Oracle is the Concepts book. Here's the <ulink url="http://otn.oracle.com/pls/tahiti/tahiti.to_toc?pathname=server.817%2Fa76965%2Ftoc.htm&remark=docindex">8i version</ulink> and the <ulink url="http://otn.oracle.com/pls/db92/db92.to_toc?pathname=server.920%2Fa96524%2Ftoc.htm&remark=docindex">9.2 version</ulink>. </para> <para> To give you an idea of how configurable Oracle is and how much thought you may need to put into buying the proper hardware and creating a sane setup, you should thoroughly read Cary Millsap's <ulink url="http://www.miracleas.dk/BAARF/0.Millsap1996.08.21-VLDB.pdf">Configuring Oracle Server for VLDB</ulink> and the <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_Flexible_Architecture">Optimal Flexible Architecture</ulink> standard. </para> <para> Throughout these instructions, we will refer to a number of configurable settings and advise certain defaults. With the exception of passwords, we advise you to follow these defaults unless you know what you are doing. Subsequent documents will expect that you used the defaults, so a change made here will necessitate further changes later. For a guide to the defaults, please see <xref linkend="install-oracle-defaults"/>. </para> <para> In order for OpenACS to work properly you need to set the environment appropriately. </para> <programlisting> export ORACLE_BASE=/ora8/m01/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/8.1.7 export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib export ORACLE_SID=ora8 export ORACLE_TERM=vt100 export ORA_NLS33=$ORACLE_HOME/ocommon/nls/admin/data umask 022</programlisting> <programlisting> open_cursors = 500</programlisting> <programlisting> nls_date_format = "YYYY-MM-DD"</programlisting> <para> For additional resources/documentation, please see this <ulink url="http://openacs.org/forums/message-view?message_id=28829">thread</ulink> and <ulink url="http://openacs.org/forums/message-view?message_id=67108">Andrew Piskorski's mini-guide</ulink>. </para> </sect2> <sect2 id="install-oracle-preinstall"> <title>Pre-Installation Tasks</title> <para> Though Oracle 8.1.7 has an automated installer, we still need to perform several manual, administrative tasks before we can launch it. You must perform all of these steps as the <computeroutput>root</computeroutput> user. We recommend entering the X window system as a normal user and then doing a <computeroutput>su -</computeroutput>. This command gives you full root access. </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> Login as a non-root user and start X by typing <computeroutput>startx</computeroutput> <programlisting> [joeuser ~]$ startx</programlisting> </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Open a terminal window type and login as root <programlisting> [joeuser ~]$ su - Password: *********** [root ~]#</programlisting> </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Create and setup the <computeroutput>oracle</computeroutput> group and <computeroutput>oracle</computeroutput> account </para> <para> We need to create a user <computeroutput>oracle</computeroutput>, which is used to install the product, as well as starting and stopping the database. </para> <programlisting> [root ~]# groupadd dba [root ~]# groupadd oinstall [root ~]# groupadd oracle [root ~]# useradd -g dba -G oinstall,oracle -m oracle [root ~]# passwd oracle</programlisting> <para> You will be prompted for the New Password and Confirmation of that password. </para> </listitem> <listitem><para> Setup the installation location for Oracle. While Oracle can reside in a variety of places in the filesystem, OpenACS has adopted <computeroutput>/ora8</computeroutput> as the base directory. </para> <para> <emphasis role="strong">Note:</emphasis> the Oracle install needs about 1 GB free on <computeroutput>/ora8</computeroutput> to install successfully. </para> <programlisting> [root ~]# mkdir /ora8 root:/ora8# cd /ora8 root:/ora8# mkdir -p m01 m02 m03/oradata/ora8 root:/ora8# chown -R oracle.dba /ora8 root:/ora8# exit</programlisting> </listitem> <listitem><para> Set up the <computeroutput>oracle</computeroutput> user's environment </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> Log in as the user <computeroutput>oracle</computeroutput> by typing the following: </para> <programlisting> [joeuser ~]$ su - oracle Password: ********</programlisting> </listitem> <listitem><para> Use a text editor to edit the <computeroutput>.bash_profile</computeroutput> file in the <computeroutput>oracle</computeroutput> account home directory. </para> <programlisting> [oracle ~]$ emacs .bash_profile</programlisting> <para> You may get this error trying to start emacs: </para> <programlisting> Xlib: connection to ":0.0" refused by server Xlib: Client is not authorized to connect to Server emacs: Cannot connect to X server :0. Check the DISPLAY environment variable or use `-d'. Also use the `xhost' program to verify that it is set to permit connections from your machine.</programlisting> <para> If so, open a new terminal window and do the following: </para> <programlisting> [joeuser ~]$ xhost +localhost</programlisting> <para> Now, back in the oracle terminal: </para> <programlisting> [oracle ~]$ export DISPLAY=localhost:0.0 [oracle ~]$ emacs .bash_profile</programlisting> <para> Try this procedure anytime you get an Xlib connection refused error. </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Add the following lines (substituting your Oracle version number as needed) to <computeroutput>.bash_profile</computeroutput>: </para> <programlisting> export ORACLE_BASE=/ora8/m01/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/8.1.7 export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib export ORACLE_SID=ora8 export ORACLE_TERM=vt100 export ORA_NLS33=$ORACLE_HOME/ocommon/nls/admin/data umask 022</programlisting> <para> Save the file by typing <computeroutput>CTRL-X CTRL-S</computeroutput> and then exit by typing <computeroutput>CTRL-X CTRL-C</computeroutput>. Alternatively, use the menus. </para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> <para> Make sure that you do <emphasis role="strong">not</emphasis> add any lines like the following </para> <programlisting> # NLS_LANG=american # export NLS_LANG</programlisting> <para> These lines will change the Oracle date settings and will break OpenACS since OpenACS depends on the ANSI date format, YYYY-MM-DD dates. </para> </listitem> <listitem><para> Log out as oracle </para> <programlisting> [oracle ~]$ exit</programlisting> </listitem> <listitem><para> Log back in as <computeroutput>oracle</computeroutput> and double check that your environment variables are as intended. The <computeroutput>env</computeroutput> command lists all of the variables that are set in your environment, and <computeroutput>grep</computeroutput> shows you just the lines you want (those with ORA in it). </para> <programlisting> [joeuser ~]$ su - oracle [oracle ~]$ env | grep ORA</programlisting> <para> If it worked, you should see: </para> <programlisting> ORACLE_SID=ora8 ORACLE_BASE=/ora8/m01/app/oracle ORACLE_TERM=vt100 ORACLE_HOME=/ora8/m01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7 ORA_NLS33=/ora8/m01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7/ocommon/nls/admin/data</programlisting> <para> If not, try adding the files to <computeroutput>~/.bashrc</computeroutput> instead of <computeroutput>.bash_profile</computeroutput>. Then logout and log back in again. Also, be certain you are doing <computeroutput>su - oracle</computeroutput> and not just <computeroutput>su oracle</computeroutput>. The <computeroutput>-</computeroutput> means that <computeroutput>.bashrc</computeroutput> and <computeroutput>.bash_profile</computeroutput> will be evaluated. </para> <para> Make sure that <computeroutput>/bin</computeroutput>, <computeroutput>/usr/bin</computeroutput>, and <computeroutput>/usr/local/bin</computeroutput> are in your path by typing: </para> <programlisting> [oracle ~]$ echo $PATH /bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/X11R6/bin:/home/oracle/bin:/ora8/m01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7/bin</programlisting> <para> If they are not, then add them to the <computeroutput>.bash_profile</computeroutput> by changing the PATH statement above to <computeroutput>PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin</computeroutput> </para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> </sect2> <sect2 id="install-oracle-install"> <title>Installing Oracle 8.1.7 Server</title> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> Log in as <computeroutput>oracle</computeroutput> and start X if not already running. Start a new terminal: </para> <programlisting> [joeuser ~]$ xhost +localhost [joeuser ~]$ su - oracle Password: ********** [oracle ~]$ export DISPLAY=localhost:0.0</programlisting> </listitem> <listitem><para> Find the <computeroutput>runInstaller</computeroutput> script </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> If you are installing Oracle from a CD-ROM, it is located in the <computeroutput>install/linux</computeroutput> path from the cd-rom mount point </para> <programlisting> [oracle ~]$ su - root [root ~]# mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom [root ~]# exit [oracle ~]$ cd /mnt/cdrom</programlisting> </listitem> <listitem><para> If you are installing from the tarball, the install script is located in the <computeroutput>Oracle8iR2</computeroutput> directory that was created when you expanded the archive. </para> <programlisting> [oracle ~]$ cd /where/oracle/Disk1</programlisting> </listitem> </itemizedlist> <para> Check to make sure the file is there. </para> <programlisting> oracle:/where/oracle/Disk1$ ls doc index.htm install runInstaller stage starterdb</programlisting> <para> If you don't see <computeroutput>runInstaller</computeroutput>, you are in the wrong directory. </para> </listitem> <listitem><para> Run the installer </para> <programlisting> oracle:/where/oracle/Disk1$ ./runInstaller</programlisting> <para> A window will open that welcomes you to the 'Oracle Universal Installer' (OUI). Click on "<computeroutput>Next</computeroutput>" </para> <note> <para> Some people have had trouble with this step on RedHat 7.3 and 8.0. If so, try the following steps before calling <command>./runInstaller</command>: </para> <orderedlist> <listitem> <para> Execute the following command: <command>/usr/i386-glibc21-linux/bin/i386-glibc21-linux-env.sh</command> </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> Type <command>export LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.2.5</command> </para> </listitem> </orderedlist> </note> </listitem> <listitem><para> The "File Locations" screen in the OUI: </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> "Source" path should have been prefilled with "(wherever you mounted the CDROM)<computeroutput>/stage/products.jar</computeroutput>" </para></listitem> <listitem><para> "destination" path says "<computeroutput>/ora8/m01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7</computeroutput>" </para> <para> If the destination is not correct it is because your environment variables are not set properly. Make sure you logged on as <computeroutput>oracle</computeroutput> using <computeroutput>su - oracle</computeroutput>. If so, edit the <computeroutput>~/.bash_profile</computeroutput> as you did in <xref linkend="install-oracle-preinstall"/> </para> </listitem> <listitem><para> Click "Next" (a pop up window will display Loading Product information). </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> <listitem><para> The "Unix Group Name" screen in the OUI: </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> The Unix Group name needs to be set to '<computeroutput>oinstall</computeroutput>' ( we made this Unix group earlier ). </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Click "Next" </para></listitem> <listitem> <para> A popup window appears instantly, requesting you to run a script as root: </para> </listitem> <listitem> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para> Debian users need to link <computeroutput>/bin/awk</computeroutput> to <computeroutput>/usr/bin/awk</computeroutput> before running the script below </para> <programlisting> [joueser ~]$ su - [root ~]# ln -s /usr/bin/awk /bin/awk</programlisting> </listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> <listitem> <para> Open a new terminal window, then type: </para> <programlisting>[joeuser ~]$ su - [root ~]# cd /ora8/m01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7 [root ~]# ./orainstRoot.sh ; You should see: Creating Oracle Inventory pointer file (/etc/oraInst.loc) Changing groupname of /ora8/m01/app/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall. [root ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/java [root ~]# exit [joeuser ~]$ exit</programlisting> </listitem> <listitem><para> Click "Retry" </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> <listitem> <para> The "Available Products" screen in the OUI: </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> Select "Oracle 8i Enterprise Edition 8.1.7.1.0" </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Click "Next" </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> <listitem> <para> The "Installation Types" screen </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para> Select the "Custom" installation type. </para> </listitem> <listitem><para> Click "Next" </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> <listitem><para> The "Available Product Components" screen </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> In addition to the defaults, make sure that "Oracle SQLJ 8.1.7.0," "Oracle Protocol Support 8.1.7.0.0," and "Linux Documentation 8.1.7.0.0" are also checked. </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Click "Next" </para></listitem> <listitem><para> A progress bar will appear for about 1 minute. </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> <listitem><para> The "Component Locations" screen in the OUI </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> Click on the "Java Runtime Environment 1.1.8" It should have the path "<computeroutput>/ora8/m01/app/oracle/jre/1.1.8</computeroutput>" </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Click "Next" </para></listitem> <listitem><para> A progress bar will appear for about 1 minute. </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> <listitem><para> The "Privileged Operation System Groups" screen in the OUI </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> Enter "dba" for "Database Administrator (OSDBA) Group" </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Enter "dba" for the "Database Operator (OSOPER) Group" </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Click "Next" </para></listitem> <listitem><para> A progress bar will appear for about 1 minute. </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> <listitem><para> The "Authentication Methods" screen </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> Click "Next" </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> <listitem><para> The next screen is "Choose JDK home directory" </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> Keep the default path: <computeroutput>/usr/local/java</computeroutput> </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Click "Next" </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> <listitem><para> The "Create a Database" screen in the OUI </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> Select "No" as we will do this later, after some important configuration changes. </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Click "Next" </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> <listitem><para> The next screen is "Oracle Product Support" </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> TCP should be checked with "Status" listed as Required </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Click "Next" </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> <listitem><para> The "Summary" screen in the OUI </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> Check the "Space Requirements" section to verify you have enough disk space for the install. </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Check that "(144 products)" is in the "New Installations" section title. </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Click "Install" </para></listitem> <listitem><para> A progress bar will appear for about 20 - 30 minutes. Now is a good time to take a break. </para></listitem> <listitem><para> A "Setup Privileges" window will popup towards the end of the installation asking you to run a script as <computeroutput>root</computeroutput> </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Run the script. Switch to the oracle user first to set the environment appropriately and then do <command>su</command> to get root privileges, while keeping the oracle user's environment. </para> <programlisting> [joeuser ~]$ su - oracle Password: ********* [oracle ~]$ su Password: ********* [root ~]# /ora8/m01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7/root.sh ; You should see the following. Creating Oracle Inventory pointer file (/etc/oraInst.loc) Changing groupname of /ora8/m01/app/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall. # /ora8/m01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7/root.sh Running Oracle8 root.sh script... The following environment variables are set as: ORACLE_OWNER= oracle ORACLE_HOME= /ora8/m01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7 ORACLE_SID= ora8 Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: <computeroutput>Press ENTER here to accept default of /usr/local/bin</computeroutput> Creating /etc/oratab file... Entry will be added to the /etc/oratab file by Database Configuration Assistants when a database is created Finished running generic part of root.sh script. Now product-specific root actions will be performed. IMPORTANT NOTE: Please delete any log and trace files previously created by the Oracle Enterprise Manager Intelligent Agent. These files may be found in the directories you use for storing other Net8 log and trace files. If such files exist, the OEM IA may not restart.</programlisting> </listitem> <listitem><para> Do not follow the instructions on deleting trace and log files, it is not necessary. </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> <programlisting> [root ~]# exit [joeuser ~]$ exit</programlisting> </listitem> <listitem><para> Go back to the pop-up window and click "OK" </para></listitem> <listitem><para> The "Configuration Tools" screen in the OUI </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> This window displays the config tools that will automatically be launched. </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> <listitem><para> The "Welcome" screen in the "net 8 Configuration Assistant" </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> Make sure the "Perform Typical installation" is <emphasis role="strong">not</emphasis> selected. </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Click "Next" </para></listitem> <listitem><para> The "Directory Service Access" screen in the "Net 8 Configuration Assistant" </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Select "No" </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Click "Next" </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> <listitem><para> The "Listener Configuration, Listener Name" screen in the "Net 8 Configuration Assistant" </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> Accept the default listener name of "LISTENER" </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Click "Next" </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> <listitem><para> The "Listener Configuration, Select Protocols" screen in the "Net 8 Configuration Assistant" </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> The only choice in "Select protocols:" should be "TCP/IP" </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Click "Next" </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> <listitem><para> The "Listener Configuration TCP/IP Protocol" screen in the "Net 8 Configuration Assistant" </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> Default Port should be 1521 and selected. </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Click "Next" </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> <listitem><para> The "Listener Configuration, More Listeners" screen in the "Net 8 Configuration Assistant" </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> Select "No" </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Click "Next" </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> <listitem><para> The "Listener Configuration Done" screen in the "Net 8 Configuration Assistant" </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> Click "Next" </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> <listitem><para> The "Naming Methods Configuration" screen in the "Net 8 Configuration Assistant" </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> Select "No" </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Click "Next" </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> <listitem><para> The "Done" screen in the "Net 8 Configuration Assistant" </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> Click "Finish" </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> <listitem><para> The "End of Installation" screen in the OUI </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> Click "Exit" </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Click "Yes" on the confirmation pop up window. </para></listitem> <listitem><para> The Oracle Universal Installer window should have disappeared! </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> </itemizedlist> <para> Congratulations, you have just installed Oracle 8.1.7 Server! However, you still need to create a database which can take about an hour of noninteractive time, so don't quit yet. </para> </sect2> <sect2 id="install-oracle-create"> <title>Creating the First Database</title> <para> This step will take you through the steps of creating a customized database. Be warned that this process takes about an hour on a Pentium II with 128 MB of RAM. </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> Make sure you are running X. Open up a terminal and <computeroutput>su</computeroutput> to oracle and then run the <computeroutput>dbassist</computeroutput> program. </para> <programlisting> [joeuser ~]$ xhost +localhost [joeuser ~]$ su - oracle Password: ********* [oracle ~]$ export DISPLAY=localhost:0.0 [oracle ~]$ dbassist</programlisting> </listitem> <listitem><para> The "Welcome" screen in the Oracle Database Configuration Agent (ODCA) </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> Select "Create a database" </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Click "Next" </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> <listitem><para> The "Select database type" screen in the ODCA </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> Select "Custom" </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Click "Next" </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> <listitem><para> The "Primary Database Type" window in ODCA </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> Select "Multipurpose" </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Click "Next" </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> <listitem><para> The "concurrent users" screen of the ODCA </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> Select "60" concurrent users. </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Click "Next" </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> <listitem><para> Select "<computeroutput>Dedicated Server Mode</computeroutput>", click "<computeroutput>Next</computeroutput>" </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Accept all of the options, and click <computeroutput>Next</computeroutput> Oracle Visual Information Retrieval may be grayed out. If so, you can ignore it; just make sure that everything else is checked. </para></listitem> <listitem><para> For "Global Database Name", enter "<computeroutput>ora8</computeroutput>"; for "SID", also enter "<computeroutput>ora8</computeroutput>" (it should do this automatically). Click <computeroutput>"Change Character Set</computeroutput> and select <computeroutput>UTF8</computeroutput>. Click "<computeroutput>Next</computeroutput>". </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Accept the defaults for the next screen (control file location). Click "<computeroutput>Next</computeroutput>" </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Go to the "temporary" and "rollback" tabs, and change the Size (upper-right text box) to <computeroutput>150</computeroutput>MB. Click "<computeroutput>Next</computeroutput>" </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Increase the redo log sizes to <computeroutput>10000K</computeroutput> each. Click "<computeroutput>Next</computeroutput>" </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Use the default checkpoint interval & timeout. Click "<computeroutput>Next</computeroutput>" </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Increase "<computeroutput>Processes</computeroutput>" to <computeroutput>100</computeroutput>; "<computeroutput>Block Size</computeroutput>" to <computeroutput>4096</computeroutput> (better for small Linux boxes; use 8192 for a big Solaris machine). </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Accept the defaults for the Trace File Directory. Click "<computeroutput>Next</computeroutput>" </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Finally, select "<computeroutput>Save information to a shell script</computeroutput>" and click "<computeroutput>Finish</computeroutput>" (We're going to examine the contents of this file before creating our database.) </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Click the "<computeroutput>Save</computeroutput>" button. Oracle will automatically save it to the correct directory and with the correct filename. This will likely be <computeroutput>/ora8/m01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7/assistants/dbca/jlib/sqlora8.sh</computeroutput> </para></listitem> <listitem><para> It will alert you that the script has been saved successfully. </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Now we need to customize the database configuration a bit. While still logged on as <computeroutput>oracle</computeroutput>, edit the database initialization script (run when the db loads). The scripts are kept in <computeroutput>$ORACLE_HOME/dbs</computeroutput> and the name of the script is usually <computeroutput>init</computeroutput><emphasis>SID</emphasis><computeroutput>.ora</computeroutput> where <emphasis>SID</emphasis> is the SID of your database. Assuming your <computeroutput>$ORACLE_HOME</computeroutput> matches our default of <computeroutput>/ora8/m01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7</computeroutput>, the following will open the file for editing. </para> <programlisting> [oracle ~]$ emacs /ora8/m01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7/dbs/initora8.ora</programlisting> </listitem> <listitem><para> Add the following line to the end: </para> <programlisting> nls_date_format = "YYYY-MM-DD"</programlisting> </listitem> <listitem><para> Now find the <computeroutput>open_cursors</computeroutput> line in the file. If you're using <computeroutput>emacs</computeroutput> scroll up to the top of the buffer and do <computeroutput>CTRL-S</computeroutput> and type <computeroutput>open_cursors</computeroutput> to find the line. The default is <computeroutput>100</computeroutput>. Change it to <computeroutput>500</computeroutput>. </para> <programlisting> open_cursors = 500</programlisting> </listitem> <listitem><para> Save the file. In emacs, do <computeroutput>CTRL-X CTRL-S</computeroutput> to save followed by <computeroutput>CTRL-X CTRL-C</computeroutput> to exit or use the menu. </para></listitem> <listitem><para> At this point, you are ready to initiate database creation. We recommend shutting down X to free up some RAM unless you have 256 MB of RAM or more. You can do this quickly by doing a <computeroutput>CRTL-ALT-BACKSPACE</computeroutput>, but make sure you have saved any files you were editing. You should now be returned to a text shell prompt. If you get sent to a graphical login screen instead, switch to a virtual console by doing <computeroutput>CRTL-ALT-F1</computeroutput>. Then login as <computeroutput>oracle</computeroutput>. </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Change to the directory where the database creation script is and run it: </para> <programlisting> [oracle ~]$ cd /ora8/m01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7/assistants/dbca/jlib oracle:/ora8/m01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7/assistants/dbca/jlib$ ./sqlora8.sh</programlisting> <para> In some instances, Oracle will save the file to <computeroutput>/ora8/m01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7/assistants/dbca</computeroutput> Try running the script there if your first attempt does not succeed. </para></listitem> <listitem><para> Your database will now be built. It will take > 1 hour - no fooling. You will see lots of errors scroll by (like: "ORA-01432: public synonym to be dropped does not exist") Fear not, this is normal. </para> <para> Eventually, you'll be returned to your shell prompt. In the meantime, relax, you've earned it. </para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> </sect2> <sect2 id="istall-oracle-test"> <title>Acceptance Test</title> <para> For this step, open up a terminal and <computeroutput>su</computeroutput> to <computeroutput>oracle</computeroutput> as usual. You should be running X and Netscape (or other web browser) for this phase. </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> You need to download the "Oracle Acceptance Test" file. It's available <ulink url="files/acceptance-sql.txt">here</ulink> and at <ulink url="http://philip.greenspun.com/wtr/oracle/acceptance-sql.txt">http://philip.greenspun.com/wtr/oracle/acceptance-sql.txt</ulink>. Save the file to <computeroutput>/var/tmp</computeroutput> </para></listitem> <listitem><para> In the oracle shell, copy the file. </para> <programlisting> [oracle ~]$ cp /var/tmp/acceptance-sql.txt /var/tmp/acceptance.sql</programlisting> </listitem> <listitem><para> Once you've got the acceptance test file all set, stay in your term and type the following: </para> <programlisting> [oracle ~]$ sqlplus system/manager</programlisting> <para> SQL*Plus should startup. If you get an <computeroutput>ORA-01034: Oracle not Available</computeroutput> error, it is because your Oracle instance is not running. You can manually start it as the <computeroutput>oracle</computeroutput> user.</para> <programlisting> [oracle ~]$ svrmgrl SVRMGR> connect internal SVRMGR> startup</programlisting> </listitem> <listitem><para> Now that you're into SQL*Plus, change the default passwords for system, sys, and ctxsys to "alexisahunk" (or to something you'll remember): </para> <programlisting> SQL> alter user system identified by alexisahunk; SQL> alter user sys identified by alexisahunk; SQL> alter user ctxsys identified by alexisahunk;</programlisting> </listitem> <listitem><para> Verify that your date settings are correct. </para> <programlisting> SQL> select sysdate from dual;</programlisting> <para> If you don't see a date that fits the format <computeroutput>YYYY-MM-DD</computeroutput>, please read <xref linkend="install-oracle-troubleshooting"/>. </para></listitem> <listitem><para> At this point we are going to hammer your database with an intense acceptance test. This usually takes around 30 minutes. </para> <programlisting> SQL> @ /var/tmp/acceptance.sql ; A bunch of lines will scroll by. You'll know if the test worked if ; you see this at the end: SYSDATE ---------- 2000-06-10 SQL></programlisting> <para> Many people encounter an error regarding <computeroutput>maximum key length</computeroutput>: </para> <programlisting> ERROR at line 1: ORA-01450: maximum key length (758) exceeded</programlisting> <para> This error occurs if your database block size is wrong and is usually suffered by people trying to load OpenACS into a pre-existing database. Unfortunately, the only solution is to create a new database with a block size of at least <computeroutput>4096</computeroutput>. For instructions on how to do this, see <xref linkend="install-oracle-create"/> above. You can set the parameter using the <computeroutput>dbassist</computeroutput> program or by setting the <computeroutput>DB_BLOCK_SIZE</computeroutput> parameter in your database's creation script. </para> <para> If there were no errors, then consider yourself fortunate. Your Oracle installation is working. </para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> </sect2> <sect2 id="install-oracle-automating"> <title>Automating Startup & Shutdown</title> <para> You will want to automate the database startup and shutdown process. It's probably best to have Oracle spring to life when you boot up your machine. </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> Oracle includes a script called <computeroutput>dbstart</computeroutput> that can be used to automatically start the database. Unfortunately, the script shipped in the Linux distribution does not work out of the box. The fix is simple. Follow these directions to apply it. First, save <ulink url="files/dbstart.txt">dbstart</ulink> to <computeroutput>/var/tmp</computeroutput>. Then, as <computeroutput>oracle</computeroutput>, do the following: </para> <programlisting> [oracle ~]$ cp /var/tmp/dbstart.txt /ora8/m01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7/bin/dbstart [oracle ~]$ chmod 755 /ora8/m01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7/bin/dbstart</programlisting> </listitem> <listitem><para> While you're logged in as <computeroutput>oracle</computeroutput>, you should configure the <computeroutput>oratab</computeroutput> file to load your database at start. Edit the file <computeroutput>/etc/oratab</computeroutput>: </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para>You will see this line. </para> <programlisting> ora8:/ora8/m01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7:N</programlisting> <para> By the way, if you changed the service name or have multiple databases, the format of this file is: </para> <para> <emphasis><computeroutput>service_name:$ORACLE_HOME:Y || N (for autoload)</computeroutput></emphasis> </para> </listitem> <listitem><para> Change the last letter from "N" to "Y". This tells Oracle that you want the database to start when the machine boots. It should look like this. </para> <programlisting> ora8:/ora8/m01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7:Y</programlisting> </listitem> <listitem><para> Save the file & quit the terminal. </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> <listitem><para> You need a script to automate startup and shutdown. Save <ulink url="files/oracle8i.txt">oracle8i.txt</ulink> in <computeroutput>/var/tmp</computeroutput>. Then login as <computeroutput>root</computeroutput> and install the script. (Debian users: substitute <computeroutput>/etc/init.d</computeroutput> for <computeroutput>/etc/rc.d/init.d</computeroutput> throughout this section) </para> <programlisting> [oracle ~]$ su - [root ~]# cp /var/tmp/oracle8i.txt /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle8i [root ~]# chown root.root /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle8i [root ~]# chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle8i</programlisting> </listitem> <listitem><para> Test the script by typing the following commands and checking the output. (Debian Users: as root, do <computeroutput>mkdir /var/lock/subsys</computeroutput> first) </para> <programlisting> [root ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle8i stop Oracle 8i auto start/stop Shutting Oracle8i: Oracle Server Manager Release 3.1.7.0.0 - Production Copyright (c) 1997, 1999, Oracle Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Oracle8i Enterprise Edition Release 8.1.7.0.1 - Production With the Partitioning option JServer Release 8.1.7.0.1 - Production SVRMGR> Connected. SVRMGR> Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SVRMGR> Server Manager complete. Database "ora8" shut down. [root ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle8i start Oracle 8i auto start/stop Starting Oracle8i: SQL*Plus: Release 8.1.7.0.0 - Production on Wed Mar 6 17:56:02 2002 (c) Copyright 2000 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. SQL> Connected to an idle instance. SQL> ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 84713632 bytes Fixed Size 73888 bytes Variable Size 76079104 bytes Database Buffers 8388608 bytes Redo Buffers 172032 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> Disconnected Database "ora8" warm started. Database "ora8" warm started.</programlisting> </listitem> <listitem><para> If it worked, then run these commands to make the startup and shutdown automatic. </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para>Red Hat users:</para> <programlisting> [root ~]# cd /etc/rc.d/init.d/ [root ~]# chkconfig --add oracle8i [root ~]# chkconfig --list oracle8i ; You should see: oracle8i 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off</programlisting> </listitem> <listitem><para>Debian users:</para> <programlisting> [root ~]# update-rc.d oracle8i defaults Adding system startup for /etc/init.d/oracle8i ... /etc/rc0.d/K20oracle8i -> ../init.d/oracle8i /etc/rc1.d/K20oracle8i -> ../init.d/oracle8i /etc/rc6.d/K20oracle8i -> ../init.d/oracle8i /etc/rc2.d/S20oracle8i -> ../init.d/oracle8i /etc/rc3.d/S20oracle8i -> ../init.d/oracle8i /etc/rc4.d/S20oracle8i -> ../init.d/oracle8i /etc/rc5.d/S20oracle8i -> ../init.d/oracle8i</programlisting> </listitem> <listitem><para>SuSE users:</para> <programlisting> [root ~]# cd /etc/rc.d/init.d root:/etc/rc.d/init.d# ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle8i K20oracle8i root:/etc/rc.d/init.d# ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle8i S20oracle8i root:/etc/rc.d/init.d# cp K20oracle8i rc0.d root:/etc/rc.d/init.d# cp S20oracle8i rc0.d root:/etc/rc.d/init.d# cp K20oracle8i rc1.d root:/etc/rc.d/init.d# cp S20oracle8i rc1.d root:/etc/rc.d/init.d# cp K20oracle8i rc6.d root:/etc/rc.d/init.d# cp S20oracle8i rc6.d root:/etc/rc.d/init.d# cp K20oracle8i rc2.d root:/etc/rc.d/init.d# cp S20oracle8i rc2.d root:/etc/rc.d/init.d# cp K20oracle8i rc3.d root:/etc/rc.d/init.d# cp S20oracle8i rc3.d root:/etc/rc.d/init.d# cp K20oracle8i rc4.d root:/etc/rc.d/init.d# cp S20oracle8i rc4.d root:/etc/rc.d/init.d# cp K20oracle8i rc5.d root:/etc/rc.d/init.d# cp S20oracle8i rc5.d root:/etc/rc.d/init.d# rm K20oracle8i root:/etc/rc.d/init.d# rm S20oracle8i root:/etc/rc.d/init.d# cd [root ~]# SuSEconfig Started the SuSE-Configuration Tool. Running in full featured mode. Reading /etc/rc.config and updating the system... Executing /sbin/conf.d/SuSEconfig.gdm... Executing /sbin/conf.d/SuSEconfig.gnprint... Executing /sbin/conf.d/SuSEconfig.groff... Executing /sbin/conf.d/SuSEconfig.java... Executing /sbin/conf.d/SuSEconfig.kdm... Executing /sbin/conf.d/SuSEconfig.pcmcia... Executing /sbin/conf.d/SuSEconfig.perl... Executing /sbin/conf.d/SuSEconfig.postfix... Executing /sbin/conf.d/SuSEconfig.sendmail... Executing /sbin/conf.d/SuSEconfig.susehilf... Executing /sbin/conf.d/SuSEconfig.susehilf.add... Executing /sbin/conf.d/SuSEconfig.susewm... Executing /sbin/conf.d/SuSEconfig.tetex... Executing /sbin/conf.d/SuSEconfig.ypclient... Processing index files of all manpages... Finished.</programlisting> </listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> <listitem><para> You also need some scripts to automate startup and shutdown of the Oracle8i listener. The listener is a name server that allows your Oracle programs to talk to local and remote databases using a standard naming convention. It is required for Intermedia Text and full site search. </para> <para> Download these three scripts into <computeroutput>/var/tmp</computeroutput> </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> <ulink url="files/startlsnr.txt">startlsnr.txt</ulink> </para></listitem> <listitem><para> <ulink url="files/stoplsnr.txt">stoplsnr.txt</ulink> </para></listitem> <listitem><para> <ulink url="files/listener8i.txt">listener8i.txt</ulink> </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> <para> Now issue the following commands (still as <computeroutput>root</computeroutput>). </para> <programlisting> [root ~]# su - oracle [oracle ~]$ cp /var/tmp/startlsnr.txt /ora8/m01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7/bin/startlsnr [oracle ~]$ cp /var/tmp/stoplsnr.txt /ora8/m01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7/bin/stoplsnr [oracle ~]$ chmod 755 /ora8/m01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7/bin/startlsnr [oracle ~]$ chmod 755 /ora8/m01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7/bin/stoplsnr [oracle ~]$ exit [root ~]# cp /var/tmp/listener8i.txt /etc/rc.d/init.d/listener8i [root ~]# cd /etc/rc.d/init.d root:/etc/rc.d/init.d# chmod 755 listener8i</programlisting> <para> Test the listener automation by running the following commands and checking the output. </para> <programlisting> root:/etc/rc.d/init.d# ./listener8i stop Oracle 8i listener start/stop Shutting down Listener for 8i: LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 8.1.7.0.0 - Production on 06-MAR-2002 18:28:49 (c) Copyright 1998, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521))) The command completed successfully root:/etc/rc.d/init.d# ./listener8i start Oracle 8i listener start/stop Starting the Listener for 8i: LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 8.1.7.0.0 - Production on 06-MAR-2002 18:28:52 (c) Copyright 1998, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. Starting /ora8/m01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7/bin/tnslsnr: please wait... TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 8.1.7.0.0 - Production System parameter file is /ora8/m01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7/network/admin/listener.ora Log messages written to /ora8/m01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7/network/log/listener.log Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521))) Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC))) Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 8.1.7.0.0 - Production Start Date 06-MAR-2002 18:28:53 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec Trace Level off Security OFF SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /ora8/m01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /ora8/m01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7/network/log/listener.log Services Summary... PLSExtProc has 1 service handler(s) ora8 has 1 service handler(s) The command completed successfully</programlisting> <para> This test will verify that the listener is operating normally. Login into the database using the listener naming convention. </para> <para> <computeroutput>sqlplus</computeroutput> <emphasis><computeroutput>username/password/@SID</computeroutput></emphasis> </para> <programlisting> [root ~]# su - oracle [oracle ~]$ sqlplus system/alexisahunk@ora8 SQL> select sysdate from dual; SYSDATE ---------- 2002-02-22 SQL> exit [oracle ~]$ exit [root ~]#</programlisting> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para>RedHat users:</para> <para> Now run <computeroutput>chkconfig</computeroutput> on the <computeroutput>listener8i</computeroutput> script. </para> <programlisting> [root ~]# cd /etc/rc.d/init.d/ root:/etc/rc.d/init.d# chkconfig --add listener8i root:/etc/rc.d/init.d# chkconfig --list listener8i listener8i 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off</programlisting> </listitem> <listitem><para>Debian users:</para> <para> Now run <computeroutput>update-rc.d</computeroutput> on the <computeroutput>listener8i</computeroutput> script. </para> <programlisting> [root ~]# update-rc.d listener8i defaults 21 19 Adding system startup for /etc/init.d/listener8i ... /etc/rc0.d/K19listener8i -> ../init.d/listener8i /etc/rc1.d/K19listener8i -> ../init.d/listener8i /etc/rc6.d/K19listener8i -> ../init.d/listener8i /etc/rc2.d/S21listener8i -> ../init.d/listener8i /etc/rc3.d/S21listener8i -> ../init.d/listener8i /etc/rc4.d/S21listener8i -> ../init.d/listener8i /etc/rc5.d/S21listener8i -> ../init.d/listener8i</programlisting> </listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> <listitem><para> Test the automation </para> <para> As a final test, reboot your computer and make sure Oracle comes up. You can do this by typing </para> <programlisting> [root ~]# /sbin/shutdown -r -t 0 now</programlisting> <para> Log back in and ensure that Oracle started automatically. </para> <programlisting> [joeuser ~]$ su - oracle [oracle ~]$ sqlplus system/alexisahunk@ora8 SQL> exit</programlisting> </listitem> </itemizedlist> <para> Congratulations, your installation of Oracle 8.1.7 is complete. </para> </sect2> <sect2 id="install-oracle-troubleshooting"> <title>Troubleshooting Oracle Dates</title> <para> Oracle has an internal representation for storing the data based on the number of seconds elapsed since some date. However, for the purposes of inputing dates into Oracle and getting them back out, Oracle needs to be told to use a specific date format. By default, it uses an Oracle-specific format which isn't copacetic. You want Oracle to use the ANSI-compliant date format which is of form <computeroutput>'YYYY-MM-DD'</computeroutput>. </para> <para> To fix this, you should include the following line in <computeroutput>$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init</computeroutput><emphasis>SID</emphasis><computeroutput>.ora</computeroutput> or for the default case, <computeroutput>$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initora8.ora</computeroutput> </para> <programlisting> nls_date_format = "YYYY-MM-DD"</programlisting> <para> You test whether this solved the problem by firing up <computeroutput>sqlplus</computeroutput> and typing: </para> <programlisting> SQL> select sysdate from dual;</programlisting> <para> You should see back a date like <computeroutput>2000-06-02</computeroutput>. If some of the date is chopped off, i.e. like <computeroutput>2000-06-0</computeroutput>, everything is still fine. The problem here is that <computeroutput>sqlplus</computeroutput> is simply truncating the output. You can fix this by typing: </para> <programlisting> SQL> column sysdate format a15 SQL> select sysdate from dual;</programlisting> <para> If the date does not conform to this format, double-check that you included the necessary line in the init scripts. If it still isn't working, make sure that you have restarted the database since adding the line: </para> <programlisting> [joeuser ~]$ svrmgrl SVRMGR> connect internal Connected. SVRMGR> shutdown Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SVRMGR> startup ORACLE instance started.</programlisting> <para> If you're sure that you have restarted the database since adding the line, check your initialization scripts. Make sure that the following line is not included: </para> <programlisting> export nls_lang = american</programlisting> <para> Setting this environment variable will override the date setting. Either delete this line and login again or add the following entry to your login scripts <emphasis>after</emphasis> the <computeroutput>nls_lang</computeroutput> line: </para> <programlisting> export nls_date_format = 'YYYY-MM-DD'</programlisting> <para> Log back in again. If adding the <computeroutput>nls_date_format</computeroutput> line doesn't help, you can ask for advice in our <ulink url="http://www.openacs.org/forums/">OpenACS forums</ulink>. </para> </sect2> <sect2 id="install-oracle-procs"> <title>Useful Procedures</title> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> Dropping a tablespace </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> Run sqlplus as the dba: </para> <programlisting> [oracle ~]$ sqlplus system/changeme</programlisting> </listitem> <listitem><para> To drop a user and all of the tables and data owned by that user: </para> <programlisting> SQL> drop user <emphasis>oracle_user_name</emphasis> cascade;</programlisting> </listitem> <listitem><para> To drop the tablespace: This will delete everything in the tablespace overriding any referential integrity constraints. Run this command only if you want to clean out your database entirely. </para> <programlisting> SQL> drop tablespace <emphasis>table_space_name</emphasis> including contents cascade constraints;</programlisting> </listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> </itemizedlist> <para> For more information on Oracle, please consult the <ulink url="https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/">documentation</ulink>. </para> </sect2> <sect2 id="oracle-next-steps"> <title>Oracle Next Steps</title> <para><xref linkend="install-oracle-monitoring"/></para> </sect2> <sect2 id="install-oracle-defaults"> <title>Defaults</title> <para>We used the following defaults while installing Oracle.</para> <informaltable> <tgroup cols="3"> <thead> <row> <entry>Variable</entry> <entry>Value</entry> <entry>Reason</entry> </row> </thead> <tbody> <row> <entry>ORACLE_HOME</entry> <entry>/ora8/m01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7</entry> <entry>This is the default Oracle installation directory.</entry> </row> <row> <entry>ORACLE_SERVICE</entry> <entry>ora8</entry> <entry>The service name is a domain-qualified identifier for your Oracle server.</entry> </row> <row> <entry>ORACLE_SID</entry> <entry>ora8</entry> <entry>This is an identifier for your Oracle server.</entry> </row> <row> <entry>ORACLE_OWNER</entry> <entry>oracle</entry> <entry>The user who owns all of the oracle files.</entry> </row> <row> <entry>ORACLE_GROUP</entry> <entry>dba</entry> <entry>The special oracle group. Users in the dba group are authorized to do a <computeroutput>connect internal</computeroutput> within <computeroutput>svrmgrl</computeroutput> to gain full system access to the Oracle system.</entry> </row> </tbody> </tgroup> </informaltable> <para><phrase role="cvstag">($Id: oracle.xml,v 1.22.2.2 2021/10/05 07:01:21 gustafn Exp $)</phrase></para> </sect2> </sect1>