Oops, we posted at the same time.
I think the Rackspace folks did mount the drive as read-only, which was probably smart.
It's looking for the file in the right place, based on what you set PGDATA to. But I'm confused by the last error; using a copy should have worked.
What do you get from "ls -l /tmp/data/global", and what did you set PGDATA to on your last attempt?