There was a thread on column type, see:
https://openacs.org/bboard/q-and-a-fetch-msg.tcl?msg_id=00054L&topic_id=OpenACS&topic=11
(well, it is about resizing, rather, not type change...)
As far as modifier is concerned, if you try
ALTER TABLE table ADD COLUMN column integer not null;
you will be prompted with:
ERROR: Adding NOT NULL columns is not implemented.
Add the column, then use ALTER TABLE ADD CONSTRAINT.
Then you abide and do this instead:
ALTER TABLE table ADD COLUMN column integer;
ALTER TABLE table ADD CONSTRAINT column_nn CHECK (column is not null);