Just found eXtremeDB:
http://www.mcobject.com/softwaredocs.htm -- "eXtremeDB is an in-memory database system (IMDS), developed specifically for use in embedded applications such as industrial control and industrial test equipment software, telecommunications equipment software, etc."
There is a shared-memory version, and it is said to be thread-safe.
Speed: "With a 206-Mhz StrongARM processor, eXtremeDB performed 100,000 hash index lookup operations in 0.79 seconds."
FAQ: http://www.mcobject.com/faq.htm