Dear Jeff,
After digging a bit I noticed that the behavior you mentioned happens when the format of the content on your xowiki page is text/enhanced. I assume the parameter UseHtmlAreaForRichtextP is set to 0 on your installation, otherwise the format would be text/html automatically.
So if you change the format of the content to any other value ( text/plain text/fixed-width or text/html) double brackets are working as expected. In cases when the content of a xowiki page's format is text/enhanced it is converted to normal HTML using ad_enhanced_text_to_html ( take a look at the proc substitute_markup on the ::xowiki::Page class - xowiki/tcl/xowiki-procs.tcl ) before doing any kind of substitutions on the content.
I hope this helps.
Best,